A Review on Dyerophytum indicum Kuntze
Mr. D. N. Vikhe1*, Dr. P. S. Rao1, Dr. D. H. Nandal2, Dr. Rahul Kunkulol2
1Department of Pharmacognosy, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar,
Taluka-Rahata, District-Ahmednagar. (M.S.) 413736
2Department of Pharmacology, Pravara Institute of Medical Science,
A/P- Loni, Tal-Rahata, Dist-Ahmednagar (M.S.) 413736
*Corresponding Author E-mail: Dattaprasad.vikhe@pravara.in
Abstract:
Dyerophytum indicum Kuntze. Belongs to family Plumbaginaceae 27 genera with 650 species and locally is called as Lal-chitrak found Plant was first reported in Oman and they listed Dyerophytum indicum as endangered species. Flowers are red in color, bloom all the year. Individual flower is up to ½ inches It is an under-shrub with perfoliate, very thick and coriaceous leaves. The leaves are covered with scurfy scales, flowers are reddish and dense, paniculate spikes and flowers in the month of October-February. Capsules are circumcises at the base and splitting into five valves. Seeds are pyriform with smooth texture and dark brown color. 5 lobed stamens free ovary is present with more or less 5 gonous. The plant is being used in snake bite, anti-allergic and tribal people used it as abortificient. The ancient literature reveals that it contains different phyoconstituent like alkaloids, glycosoids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and other primary metabolites. These is an rare plant so not many literature is reported.
KEYWORDS: Dyerophytum indicum, Lal-chitrak, Abortificient, Phytoconstituents.
The term ‘Pharmacognosy’ was coined by German scientist Seydler in 1815. The pharmacognosy was derived from Greek word Pharmalcon (a drug which is meant for dried herb) and gnosis (to acquire knowledge).1 Hence, pharmacognosy, which literally means knowledge of drugs of pharmaceuticals. Existence of human on earth is possible only because of plant kingdom and plants play a vital role in sustaining human life. Nature has always followed symbiotic relationship with human.2 Indians also worked precisely to scrutinize and classify all the herbs which they came through and for this purpose they used groups called as “Gunas”. In India the ancient knowledge of herbal plants was governed by Ayurveda and till today Ayurveda is the prime organization which governs herbal plants. Ayurveda, the term comes from the Sanskrit word Au (life) and Veda (knowledge), meaning science of life.3 It is the oldest medical system available till today. It was written over 5,000 years ago in India, and remains one of the most ancient yet living tradition that is practiced widely in India, Sri Lanka and other countries.4
Ayurveda is receiving prominence as the natural organization for maintaining human health all over the world. Ayurveda, is the first well documented system of medicine that ever emerge throughout the globe. It is not only a system of dealing with healing techniques and curing diseases but a codified science which give guidelines for a healthy and happy life and indicates maintenance of physical fitness and physiological health, with a great aim for achieving longevity It was believed that this system deals with body and the spirit5. Lord Brahma originated the concept of Ayurveda, who is known as the creator of the world. The well-known treaties are Charak Samhitaand Sushruta Samhita. Rigveda and Atharvaveda. These are the oldest written texts on Ayurveda. The Atharvavedaen titled 8 divisions of Ayurveda: Surgery, science of fertility, internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery for head and neck, psychiatry, ophthalmology and toxicology, whereas Sushruta Samhitaexplains the process of skilled surgery.
Plant profile:
Figure: Plant of Dyerophytum indicum
Vernacular names:
1. Botanical name: Dyerophytum indicum
2. Hindi name: Ratochitrak, Chhitral, Chitawal
3. Common name: Mellah (Arabic name)6
Botanical description:
The plant belongs to tracheophyta phylum and this phylum indicates good vascular system, these types of plants are capable of transporting nutrients and water throughout the body, with the help of veins and tubes.
Flowers are red in color, bloom all the year. Individual flower is up to ½ inches.
Dyerophytum indicum is a small plant or herb, some has classified it as shrub also, attains a height of 1-2m, it is a flowering plant. Dyerophytum indicum is straight under shrub with striate branches and stems.
It comes in Plumbaginales order so it is a flowering plant. Flowers come in the month of October -January. Flowers have oval sepals, pentamerous, elliptic and attain a length of 7 to 10 mm. The flowers are red in color. Flower is 2-10 cm long. The plant has terete branches. Leaves are from 3.5 -8.0 x 2.0 -5.5 cm, ovate –elliptic to sub orbicular, leaves are obtuse, alternate, perfoliate, paniculate, undulate and coriaceous. The leaf of the plant is covered with scurfy scale. Bracteates or branched spikes are present.7
Dyerophytum indicum have 5 fid Calyx with ribbed 5 broad membranous transversely undulate intercostal wings. Corolla is always funneliforme. A gamopetalous corolla with a long tube and limb campanulate.
Corolla is orangish yellow in color, and is bunched in thick terminal barbs. Membranous capsules were observed with a length of 7-9 mm. Seeds are pyriform with smooth texture and dark brown color. 5 lobed stamens free ovary is present with more or less 5 gonous.
Geographical sources:
Dyerophytum indicum found in dense forest areas near bushes on dry rocks on mostly hilly places, Dyerophytum indicum is present in arid region’s waste land and some time is found on marine shores including salty planes, particularly in tropical Asia and at some places of western Asia. Plant was first reported in Oman and they listed Dyerophytum indicum as endangered species
Habitat:
The plant can grow in absence of shade or in semi-shade (light woodland) mainly in the hilly areas and require sandy soil.
Table no :1 Taxonomic classification of Dyerophytum indicum
|
Kingdom |
Plantae |
|
Subkingdom |
Tracheobionta |
|
Division |
Magnoliophyta |
|
Class |
Magnoliopsida |
|
Order |
|
|
Family |
|
|
Genus |
Dyerophytum |
|
Species |
Indicum |
Phytochemical constituent:
It is a rare plant found in tribal area use bark in abortion. Bark paste is applied on scorpion stings. Roots, when come in contact with skin, cause itching8
Phytochemical and Pharmacological review:
1. J. Rajeswari et al (2014):
reported that the herbalism purely depends upon the plants which have especially medicinal effects. Each and every part of the plant is used for some medicinal use. These plants are undergone by testing their activity through pharmacological basis. There was large number of studies which supports the abortifacient activity. The use of plants as abortifacient and it is practiced by older time physicians in India. Still the tribal population mainly depends upon these plants for the sake of family planning and to induce abortion. The aim of this review is to discuss the plants which show its abortifacient activities. This may help the investigators to gain knowledge about plants which are having abortifacient activity9.
2. Joseph olero et al (2015)
reported the presence phytoconstituent like alkaloids, phenols and terpoinids, tannins10.
REFERENCES:
1. Bodhankar SL, Gark SK, Mathur VS, Anti-fertility screening of plants. Part IX; effect of five indigenous plants on early pregnancy in albino rats,Indian J Med Res1974; 62(6): 831-837.
2. Berquist, Jon L. Controlling Corporeality, The Body and the Household in Ancient Israel. Rutgers University Press 2002:175-177.
3. Kramer, Heinrich, Sprenger, Jocop. Malleus Maleficarum. (Montague Summers, Trans.). Retrieved June 3, 2006.
4. Sheikh, Sa’diyya, Family Planning, Contraception, and Abortion in Islam in Maguire, Daniel C. Sacred Rights The Case for Contraception and Abortion in World Religions 2013:2245-2246
5. Oxford University Press US: 105-128
6. McLaren, Angus Birth Control in 19th century England. Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. US 1978.: 31,246.
7. Khanna U, Chaudhury RR. Antifertility screening of plants part I Investigation on Buteamonosperma Linn. Indian J. Med. Res. 1968: 1574-1579.
8. Kulier R, Gulmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng LN, Campana A. Kulier R, ed. “Medical methods for first trimester abortion”. Conchrane Database Syst Rev 2004:128-129
9. J. Rajeswari, S. Rani: Medicinal Plants Used as Abortifacients - A Review, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 24(1) 2014: 129-133
10. Joseph. and E.R. Nayar, Wild relatives of crop plants of India. NBPGR. Science Monograph No. 9, New Delhi 1984:224.
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Received on 26.01.2020 Modified on 24.02.2020 Accepted on 25.03.2020 ©A and V Publications All right reserved Research J. Science and Tech. 2020; 12(2): 167-169. DOI: 10.5958/2349-2988.2020.00022.4 |
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